The role of the microbiome in phytoestrogens
Phytoestrogens are plant-based compounds that mimic human oestrogen due to their similar molecular structure. These naturally occurring substances are gaining attention for their potential role in easing menopause symptoms, particularly hot flushes, as highlighted in the new NICE guidelines.
Understanding Phytoestrogens
Phytoestrogens are categorised into two main groups: flavonoids and non-flavonoids. Among the flavonoids, isoflavones are particularly noteworthy. Legumes, especially soybeans and red clover, are rich sources of isoflavones like daidzein and formononetin (the latter being converted to daidzein during digestion).
Daidzein undergoes further transformation in the large intestine, where intestinal bacteria convert it into equol, a compound known to be:
More bioactive
More oestrogenic
A stronger antioxidant
However, not everyone benefits equally. Only 30–60% of adults can produce equol due to variations in gut bacteria, which are essential for this conversion. Without the right bacteria, even consuming soybean products or pure isoflavones might not yield significant effects.
Phytoestrogens and Menopause
Isoflavones are being explored as an alternative therapy for hormonal imbalances, including menopause-related symptoms. Research shows that women who produce equol often experience greater relief from symptoms like hot flushes when taking soybean isoflavone supplements.
Supporting Equol Production
The ability to produce equol depends on gut microbiota, but the exact bacterial strains involved are not yet fully identified. Current evidence suggests that Bifidobacteria species like B. breve and B. longum play a role. In the UK, probiotic supplements like Optibac Everyday contain these beneficial strains.
Additionally, the prebiotic inulin has been found to boost equol production by supporting the growth of these bacteria.
What Does This Mean for You?
If you’re considering phytoestrogens to manage menopause symptoms but don’t notice improvements, it might be worth experimenting with:
Probiotic supplements containing Bifidobacteria species.
Prebiotics like inulin to support gut health and equol production.
The Future of Phytoestrogen Research
While phytoestrogens show promise, further research is needed to identify the exact bacterial strains involved and provide more definitive recommendations.
If you’re exploring this natural approach, consider tracking your symptoms and consulting a healthcare professional to tailor the best strategy for your needs.
References
Mustafa SE, Mustafa S, Ismail A, Abas F, Abd Manap MY, Ahmed Hamdi OA, Elzen S, Nahar L, Sarker SD. Impact of prebiotics on equol production from soymilk isoflavones by two Bifidobacterium species. Heliyon. 2020 Oct 23;6(10):e05298. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05298. PMID: 33134584; PMCID: PMC7586118.